Abstract: Gas field water pipeline leaks can cause serious environmental problems. In order to grasp the effectiveness and application effect of negative pressure wave and transmission balance method leakage monitoring technology in gas field water pipelines, seven different diameter flow limiting holes were used to simulate pipeline leakage in field tests, and the field application effects under three working conditions of eliminating the plug flow of empty pipe section, full opening test of the valve at the end station and closing the valve at the first stop and last station were analyzed. The test results show that: The negative pressure wave and transmission balance method can monitor the leakage of 2mm and above aperture, the average positioning error is within 50 meters, and the average alarm response time is about 60s;For small leakage below 2mm aperture, the flowmeter at both ends combined with the relevant software algorithm will alarm the leakage, but the monitoring effect is not good and cannot be located; The plug flow of the empty pipe section in the pipeline disappears by adjusting the opening degree of the valve at the end of the station, the displacement of the pump in the station, etc., which can improve the effective positioning of the leakage point by the system.