Abstract: The construction of new infrastructure is an effective way to deal with the impact of the COVID-19 epidemic, the cornerstone of the digital economy development, and an important support for the optimization and upgrading of the industrial structure, all of which are of great significance for realizing the transformation of economic kinetic energy and accelerating the high-quality development of the economy. On the basis of clarifying the connotation and characteristics of the new infrastructure, after the comparative analysis between the new infrastructure and the traditional infrastructure, this paper holds that the new infrastructure has the development potential of improving investment efficiency, supporting consumption upgrading, creating social demand, leading transformation and upgrading, etc. At the same time, facing the challenges of information asymmetry, financing constraints, imperfect mechanism and security risks, this paper suggests adopting positive and promising investment to boost domestic demand, to speed up the formation of customized new infrastructure plans, to pay more attention to optimizing investment and financing models and other measures, to effectively promote the high-quality development of new infrastructure.