Abstract: Understanding how innovation factors influence agricultural green development and the need to guide the flow of innovation factors are important in promoting agricultural modernization. This study examines the impact of R&D personnel and R&D capital on agricultural green development using the SBM-GML index to measure green development levels. It also investigates the spatial spillover effects of these innovation factors. Findings reveal that China’s agricultural green development shows an overall upward trend, with regional improvements driving the agricultural green transformation of neighboring provinces through positive spatial spillover effects. Additionally, both R&D personnel and R&D capital flow positively affect regional agricultural green development. However, the flow of R&D capital negatively influences neighboring provinces' green agricultural development through negative spatial spillover effects. Based on these findings, the paper proposes several countermeasures, including the establishment of a cooperative network platform for agricultural green technology innovation, the implementation of targeted measures based on specific factors, the enhancement of financial system and capital market infrastructure, and the guidance of a rational flow of innovation factors.