Abstract: The Yellow River Basin is an important ecological barrier and plays an important role in China's economic and social development. In order to improve the high-quality economic development of the Yellow River Basin, this paper constructs the evaluation index system of high-quality development of the Yellow River Basin and of the comprehensive development of the digital economy from the perspectives of quality, efficiency and power, and uses the entropy method to measure the digital economy and high-quality economic development of the nine provinces and regions of the Yellow River Basin from 2011 to 2019, and empirically explores the impact of the digital economy on the high-quality economic development of the Yellow River Basin. The results show that the digital economy has promoted the high-quality economic development of the Yellow River Basin, but there are obvious differences in the development level between provinces in the basin. Compared with the middle and downstream regions, the influence of the digital economy on high-quality economic development is lower in the upstream regions. Based on the above research conclusions, this paper proposes that in order to promote the high-quality economic development of the Yellow River Basin, the nine provinces and regions of it should vigorously develop the digital economy, actively promote the implementation of various plans, improve the construction of digital infrastructure, accelerate the digital transformation of industries, build a modern economic system, and formulate digital economy development strategies according to local conditions.