Abstract: Leadership and command is the core mechanism in emergency response actions, which occupies an important position in overall control and deployment of troops. At present, China has gradually formed an institutional framework featuring unified leadership, graded responsibility, territorial management and division of labor and cooperation, demonstrating the institutional advantage of combining the central coordinating role with the local main responsibilities. However, there are still shortcomings and weaknesses in the emergency command system, which are reflected in command relations, coordination of conflicts of interest, information disclosure and communication, and emergency command ability at grass-roots level, which hinders the effectiveness of emergency command. In order to enhance the emergency command ability of public sectors, it is necessary to further highlight the advantages of China's institutional system, take breaking through the shortcomings and weaknesses of the system as the targeted reform goal, build an accurate and efficient command system and a pattern of great cooperation and great emergency, and earnestly enhance the professional level and overall effectiveness of command and coordination.