Abstract: The basic requirements, main parameters and design calculation for the selection of hydraulic turbines in sediment-laden and high-head power stations were analyzed. The selection and design of Xiate Hydropower Station in Kizilsu river basin in Xinjiang were carried out from the traditional model selection design and the numerical simulation of the sand-water flow field in the whole flow passage of the turbine. The design operating point, turbine output, unit flow rate, runner diameter, synchronous speed, suction height and other parameters were determined. HLA542 was the optimal model for the power station and this was determined through analyzing and comparing the maximum sand-water velocities of key flow components at different operating conditions. The results can provide important references for the design of hydropower units in Xiate Hydropower Station, and the research method has practical guidance value for the selection and design of turbine units in similar sediment-laden and high-head power stations.