Abstract: Tartary buckwheat is a kind of false cereal plant in the genus buckwheat of Polygonaceae. As a kind of functional food crop for sustainable development, it is very suitable for extreme environment planting such as mountain area, especially with more functional components. At present, the development and utilization of Tartary buckwheat and its products are still relatively low. Therefore, it is necessary to fully understand the research status and progress of Tartary Buckwheat nutrition and functional components. In this paper, the research progress of starch, dietary fiber, protein, vitamin, polyphenol and chiral inositol in Tartary buckwheat was reviewed. In the future, it is necessary to further strengthen the basic research on the chemical composition of Tartary buckwheat. The research results are of great significance for improving the quality and safety of Tartary buckwheat and its products and promoting the healthy development of Tartary buckwheat industry.