Abstract: Curcuma longa L. is a traditional Chinese medicine in China, it becomes the hotspot of natural product research due to its major chemical constitution such as sesquiterpenes and curcuminoids possess varieties of biological activities. In this review, the new research progress of Curcuma longa L. in chemical constitution, biological activity and in-vivo metabolism was summarized, the challenge and opportunity of clinical using was also investigated to provide new ideas for the development and application of Curcuma longa L.