Abstract: Expanding the endowment insurance coverage is the course of absorbing all the laborers into endowment insurance system and bringing continuous welfare to improve their retirement security.In this process, the government plays an important role in the organization, whose decision making, to some extent, determines the effectiveness of coverage expansion of endowment insurance.Thus, the paper, from the longitudinal and lateral patterns of management system, analyzes the influence of endowment insurance management system on coverage expansion through quantitative analysis of data from 31 provinces, compares the effectiveness of different management systems, and proposes the reform orientation of management system and the path selection.