Abstract: The late 19th century is an era of empire and the major western powers expand around the world. As an autonomous colony in the British empire, Australia adopted an "imperialism policy" in the south pacific area for its own interests and security at this time, and established an "Australian sub-empire" under the British imperial system. However, this process had witnessed the rising disputes in interests between Britain and Australia as well as a closer tie among colonies, which contributes to the upsurge of Australian nationalism, results in the development of Australian federal movement and quickens the process of its modernization.