Abstract: While Benjamin Franklin's writing is permeated with Puritanism, he slipped the leash from the conventional religious rules and restrictions through his self-education, self-examination and self-improvement. And The Autobiography is a case in point. It not only provides the American with a success model but also demonstrates his transformation from a British to an American. As an illustration, this paper aims at analyzing Franklin's self-consciousness and object consciousness revealed in this book as well as the relation between the two, combining with the study on his Americanization process and the making of American national identity.