Abstract: Shu enjoyed the fame of "loyalty and sage" for a long time in the 50 vassal governments of Ming Dynasty, because Shu chose the strategy of "guarding western frontier with ethics" according to the actual situation at that time from the beginning of the enfeoffment, and reached a consensus with the local government, which was consistent in the Ming Dynasty. Compared with other vassal governments in Ming Dynasty, Shu had outstanding achievements and many sages deeply loved by scholars and Shu people, repeatedly commended by the imperial court, and its fame of loyalty and sages widely spread. Shu was one of the founders of "great unity" in Ming Dynasty, and evaluated as core strength of "no revolution by soldiers in Shu in 200 years", when Qing Dynasty revised The history of Ming Dynasty. However, the academic research on Shu is seriously insufficient. Historical data and field investigation reveal that Shu always insisted on "loyalty to the monarch", advocated culture and education in Shu, strongly supported Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism, assisted the central government to complete the effective control of the tea and horse trade, consolidated the stability of the southwest border, served the "great unity" intention of Ming Dynasty wisely, and established the image of "loyalty and sage". At the same time, on the premise of not violating "loyalty", Shu "opened up land to accumulate food", enjoyed the status of "the richest in the world" for years, actively helped national projects, donated money for the army, and generously contributed to local public facilities, thus becoming the core force in shaping the humanistic spirit of Sichuan in Ming Dynasty. Shu's strategy of performing its vassal duties developed the sages of "Hejian" and "Dongping" in history and created a unique "loyal and virtuous culture", which was the wise way to survive in Ming Dynasty and became the most representative vassal government in the history of Ming Dynasty.