Abstract: This paper discusses influencing factors of voice behavior, and constructs a structural model of the relationship between relative deprivation, core self-evaluation, psychological contract violation and voice behavior from the perspective of relative deprivation theory, resource conservation theory and personality traits. It has conducted a survey on 392 employees with scales of relative deprivation, voice behavior, core self-evaluation and psychological contract violation. The results show that significant negative correlation exists between relative deprivation and voice behavior（r = − 0.35, p < 0.01）, core self-evaluation has a significant moderating effect between relative deprivation and voice behavior（β = − 0.18, p < 0.001）, and the mediating effect of psychological contract violation is also obvious (total effect c = − 0.28, p < 0.001, and direct effect（c′ = − 0.20, p < 0.01). Therefore, core self-evaluation plays a moderating role between relative deprivation and voice behavior, and psychological contract violation plays a mediating role. The study may be helpful to reveal influencing factors and internal mechanism of voice behavior, which has theoretical guidance for enterprise management practice.