Abstract: The rapid expansion of the internet platform economy has created a significant number of employment opportunities for platform workers. However, it also presents significant challenges to the effective human resource management within these platforms. This article examines the labor relations between platform workers and platforms, as well as the protection of their rights and interests. By conducting a comparative analysis of existing studies on platform workers' labor relations, it is revealed that there are multiple labor-utilizing models and various labor relations within the internet platform economy. Building upon this foundation, this study systematically explores the inadequacies in the protection of platform workers' rights, specifically in the areas of social security, organizational support, occupational health, and fair compensation. Furthermore, this research investigates the labor-utilizing models and labor relations on Meituan, providing concrete evidence of the deficiencies in the safeguarding of platform workers' rights and interests. Finally, suggestions are proposed to enhance the management of diverse labor relations on platforms and to revise the pertinent labor laws and regulations in China.