Abstract: The pursuit of common prosperity is intrinsically linked to the Chinese modernization process. It not only holds significance in Marxist theory but also aligns with the fundamental principles of socialism and the consistent practice of Chinese socialism. Common prosperity entails the collective prosperity of individuals in terms of both material and spiritual aspects. This concept is characterized by three core values, i.e., meeting the people's desire for an improved quality of life, ensuring fairness and justice, and guaranteeing the well-being of all citizens. However, the achievement of common prosperity in the Chinese modernization process necessitates addressing various challenges, resolving practical contradictions and problems, and adhering to modernization's developmental laws. The following strategies are crucial in attaining common prosperity for all. Firstly, reinforcing the Party's overall leadership to ensure the political foundation for common prosperity; secondly, promoting high-quality economic development to establish the material basis for common prosperity; thirdly, implementing a strategy that harmonizes regional and rural-urban development to create a comprehensive framework for common prosperity; fourthly, enhancing the welfare system to safeguard the minimum threshold of common prosperity.