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张思齐. 扬雄的文学批评观与发展意识[J]. 西华大学学报(哲学社会科学版), 2018, 37(4): 25-40. DOI: 10.19642/j.issn.1672-8505.2018.04.004
引用本文: 张思齐. 扬雄的文学批评观与发展意识[J]. 西华大学学报(哲学社会科学版), 2018, 37(4): 25-40. DOI: 10.19642/j.issn.1672-8505.2018.04.004
ZHANG Si-qi. Yang Xiong's Literary Critical Views and Development Awareness[J]. Journal of Xihua University (Philosophy & Social Sciences) , 2018, 37(4): 25-40. DOI: 10.19642/j.issn.1672-8505.2018.04.004
Citation: ZHANG Si-qi. Yang Xiong's Literary Critical Views and Development Awareness[J]. Journal of Xihua University (Philosophy & Social Sciences) , 2018, 37(4): 25-40. DOI: 10.19642/j.issn.1672-8505.2018.04.004

扬雄的文学批评观与发展意识

Yang Xiong's Literary Critical Views and Development Awareness

  • 摘要: 征圣和宗经是扬雄的文学批评观之基石。扬雄的文学批评观包含三组对偶范畴:事理与文辞、温润与深沉、诗人之赋与辞人之赋。宗经是征圣的必然要求。事理与文辞可以统一而且在圣人们的经书中实现了统一。温润与深沉可以统一而且它们业已成为经书文本的质地特征。诗人与辞人是两类迥然有别的作家类型,其人格特征在辞赋中表现得最为充分。辞人之赋是对经书的背离,故而必须摈弃。诗人之赋是对经书的拓展,故而应该继承。在扬雄的文学批评观中存在三条发展变化的曲线:其一是从童子到壮夫的变化曲线,其二是从辞赋到学术的变化曲线,其三是宗经与崇道交互运动的螺旋式上升的曲线。扬雄文学批评观的三条曲线端呈出他谋求发展的雄心,而扬雄最终成了一位伟大的思想家。

     

    Abstract: Quoting saints and following classics are the foundation of Yang Xiong's literary criticism, which is made up of three antithetical categories, namely, event versus diction, mildness versus profundity, classicistic rhapsody versus verbalistic rhapsody. Following classics is the inevitable demand of quoting saints. Event and diction can be and have already been unified in the classics written by saints. Mildness and profundity can be and have already been the textual features of classics. Classicists and verbalists are two types of men quite different from each other, and their personality features are expressed most sufficiently in their rhapsodies. Verbalistic rhapsody betrays classics and therefore it has to be got rid of. Classicistic rhapsody expands classics and therefore it ought to be carried forward. In Yang's literary criticism, there are three developmental curves. One is from a boy to a great man. Another is from rhapsody to learning. The third is an upward spiral from quoting classics to upholding the Way. These three curves of Yang's literary criticism clearly present us with his ambition for further developments, which has rendered him finally into a great thinker.

     

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