Abstract: As the main body of terrestrial ecosystem, forest resources have many functions, such as conserving water and soil resources, breaking wind and fixing sands, purifying air and so on.It plays an irreplaceable role in improving and optimizing the ecological environment.Sichuan is located in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, which has abundant forest resources and the advantages of geography, resources, environment and location to protect the ecological environment and build the ecological barrier.From the perspective of ecological sociology, the paper focuses on a systematic analysis of the characteristics, key projects, and major achievements of Sichuan's forestry development in China since the founding of the People's Republic of China, especially since the reform and opening up.And it further reveals that Sichuan has initially established an ecological barrier in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River from forest vegetation, soil and water conservation and wildlife protection.