Abstract: With the re-start of the reform of system and mechanism after the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, two important concepts in the field of public administration-government performance evaluation and administrating achievement are generally constituted as the same and mixed up by both Chinese academia and society.Firstly, based on bibliometrics, this paper compares and analyzes the evolution of the two concepts at the academic level, and points out the disciplines distribution, development motivation and evolution path differences of the two research topics.Secondly, based on the qualitative review of government literature and academic literature, this paper explores the similarities and differences of the two concepts in many aspects, such as subject, object, purpose and method of evaluation.Subsequently, the paper analyzes four reasons for the confusion of the two concepts in academic circles and society, and points out the intersection of the two concepts.Finally, the paper explores the social implications of this phenomenon.