Abstract: The refugee problem in the period of Anti-Japanese War has become one of the most important topics in modern social history of China. This article has researched the problem of refugees during the Anti-Japanese War of China. Japanese all-out war of aggression against China begun in July of 1937 and it led to an unprecedented scale national refugee tide in the history of China. Refugees in exile became the most serious social problem and the refugee relief and resettlement became the social hot spot during the Anti-Japanese War.