Abstract: Compared with modernization institutions adopted by Britain, the United States, France, Germany and Japan, this paper proposes that Russia, China and later developing countries adopt a different modernization mode with party dominance: Party-centrism institution. The modernization institutions in the developed countries are classified into two: merchant-class dominant modernization system in Britain and the United States, and bureaucracy dominant modernization system in France, Germany and Japan. In theory, political Party-centrism will be a challenge to the leading state-centrism theory in social science, especially to the society-centrism. In national governance practice, the development road is non-replicable, and balance of various political forces is indispensable for the long-term stability of state.