Abstract: In recent years, the trend of cases on illegal collections of public deposits has been worsening, considered thought-provoking for its connection with huge amounts of money involved, widespread influences and social problems set off. Focusing on the cases on illegal collections of public deposits handled in C city over the last two years, the author analyses the dissimilation from private loans to illegal collections of public deposits and inquiries into the characteristics of and causes for the dissimilation under different social politics and economy. Moreover, the author will start from building diversified private financial markets, improving the supervision mechanism of financial markets and completing laws and regulations and put forward some corresponding countermeasures and suggestions for preventing and reducing such cases as possible.