Abstract: Based on the results of gender-based investigation to 348 freshmen, this paper analyzes the relationship between student's English self-concept and English proficiency.Resultsindicate that 1) female students' overall English self-concept, listening self-concept and reading self-concept are significantly higher than those of male students, while the difference is not significant in their speaking self-concept and writing self-concept; 2) female students have higher achievement in English proficiency than male students, especially in listening and speaking; 3) the correlation of male students' English self-concept with their English proficiency is higher than that of female students, while the correlations of aural self-concept with the aural proficiency in female and male students rank first; 4) in high self-concept group, female students are significantly better than male students in oral proficiency, while in low self-concept group female students excel male students in four skills, especially in writing.