Abstract: Henry Lawson, Australia's famous short story writer and poet and Lu Xun, one of the leading minds in the New Culture Movement in China, are both indispensable writers in nationalism literature in the late 19th century and early 20th century. The national consciousness is the focus in their works. Basing on part of classic works of the two writers, the paper first analyzes the similar historical background in the two writer's times, and then conducts a comparative study on the description of society and the characterization to reveal the differences in presenting national consciousness of Henry Lawson and Lu Xun.