Abstract: This paper divides the rebound effect of energy consumption into the rebound effect of technological progress and the rebound effect of structural adjustment. Based on the data of Anhui Province from 1996 to 2015, the rebound effect of technological progress and structural adjustment in Anhui Province was calculated, the results showing that the rebound effect of technological progress exists significantly. The rebound effect of technological progress in most years ranged from 2% to 60%, with the rebound effect of structural adjustment between 4% to 84%, and there is a big difference in rebound effect in different years. After the introduction of structural adjustment rebound effect, the technological progress of the rebound effect has been reduced and the structural adjustment of the rebound effect is greater than the rebound effect of technological progress. The significance of this study is that technical progress and structural adjustment-rebound effect is an important factor in the increasing energy consumption.