Abstract: Sichuan basin is a unique and complete geographical unit in the natural and cultural sense. Thanks to cultural influences from Gansu-Qinghai and Jianghan area, rice planting and dry-land farming had been gradually developed during the Pre-Qin period.Because of the complicated terrain features, farming had demonstrated regional characteristics. Based on the archaeological discoveries and findings published in recent years, the paper probes into some aspects of agriculture in Sichuan basin, covering its origin, background, types, development and regional characteristics.